Motivation and Organizational Behaviour

Inspiration can be characterized as a power that empowers and pushes a person to perform to his fullest. Inspiration is a huge power that is required to complete an errand or complete an objective. Inspiration can be outward similar to something that is done to acquire a reward or stay away from a punishment.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Motivation and Organizational Behavior explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Cleaning the space to get a prize from guardians is one model. It can likewise be inherent like something that is done on the off chance that it brings delight and is pleasant. For instance partaking in a football competition could be pleasant and compensating as far as testaments and decorations. I for the most part get inspired with verbal applause instead of money related advantages. Inspiration can come in various kinds, and the one I find best is the point at which somebody has faith in me and spot all their trust on to me. I am an individual who jumped at the chance to get gratefulness when I put additional push to meet targets. On the off chance that I don't get gratefulness, at that point I am bound to lose inspiration. I at that point feel that every one of my endeavors have gone to squander as nobody refreshing or even saw the undertaking I so splendidly finished (Kinicki, 2008). I ordinarily attempt to cooperate and keep a positive conduct and demeanor with my associates. I have discovered that keeping a positive and well disposed mentality is significant and prompts inspiration. As individuals discover me agreeable, they generally attempt to offer me legit guidance and right input which rouses me. I accept that I had the option to remain persuaded in light of the fact that my associates have been strong. I have seen such sorts of workers and know without a doubt how disappointed they are with their company (Pinder, 2008). My association ensures that representatives connect with each other and that there is nobody getting unique treatment nor is there anybody making bunches between workers. The association accepts that in the event that representatives fill in as a unit, at that point they will be more effective as opposed to working all by themselves.Advertising Looking for exposition on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For this reason, they have faith in work turn. Each individual from the association gets the opportunity to be a piece of various groups so he could invest energy with them and become acquainted with them. The association accepts that when the whole association knows each other then there would not be any grievances or any desire for the others. The association ensures that all workers feel that they are similarly contributing towards the accomplishment of the association. There is nobody little or anybody large. The association where I am at present utilized gives equivalent sig nificance to every single specialist (Nelson Quick, 2008). More should be possible as there is consistently opportunity to get better. The top administration can assume an indispensable job in propelling the workers verbally. I have seen that occasionally the top administration doesn't understand the force they have over workers. They are a wellspring of data and representatives look on to them as their godlike objects. I talk this since that is the way I feel and the vast majority of the individuals in my office feel. Representatives will in general feel dismissed when they are not roused by the board for investing additional energy at work. Their presentation eases back down at last influencing the yield of the association. Verbal recognition from top administration may permit the workers to get positive every which way. Reference List Kinicki, A. (2008). Authoritative Behavior: Key Concepts, Skills Best. New York: McGraw-Hill Learning Solutions. Nelson, D. L., Quick, J. C. (2008) . Understanding Organizational Behavior. Bricklayer: Cengage Learning. Pinder, C. C. (2008). Work Motivation in Organizational Behavior. Hoboken: Psychology Press.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Motivation and Organizational Behavior explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This article on Motivation and Organizational Behavior was composed and put together by client Lexie Pate to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it likewise. You can give your paper here.

Proven Step-by-Step Guide on Broken Link Building

Proven Step-by-Step Guide on Broken Link Building Search engine optimization (SEO) is among the most useful strategies businesses need to implement in order to enhance their online presence and attract more customers.Link building is among the best SEO tactics companies can use and broken link building is one method of creating backlinks to your site. © Shutterstock.com | MorrowindIn this guide, we’ll explain what broken link building is all about and how it could be an effective strategy for your business. We’ll also provide you a simple six-step guide to creating a successful broken link building strategy.BROKEN LINK BUILDING IN A NUTSHELLYou can understand broken link building by analyzing the words one-by-one.Broken means “not functioning properly”Link means “anything serving to connect one part or thing with another”Building means “to construct by assembling and joining parts”Therefore, broken link building is a method of taking non-functioning links and building them back up again. It’s a technique closely associated with search engine optimization (SEO), as it can help businesses replace broken links with their own.By using the broken link building strategy, you acquire a link to your website simply by pointing out broken links on someone else’s website. Instead of having to create links from scratch, y ou can go after existing, yet non-operational links.The strategy works in its simplest form like this:You discover a broken link on a website.You contact the site’s owner and point out the non-operational link, as well as ask her to replace it with a link to your website.Let’s say your business works in the flower industry. You might discover that an article about mother’s day flowers on a popular blog includes broken links. Perhaps the links lead to a 404 page. But the link, with its keywords, is a perfect fit for your business.You can contact the owner of the blog and inform them about the broken link. Naturally, the blog won’t benefit having articles with broken links and readers will quickly find them annoying and uninformative.While you inform the owner about the broken link, you can also ask him or her to replace the link with a link to your website. Since your link is a perfect fit, the owner doesn’t need to change the article around, but can simply replace the non- operational link with a working one.This is how you can get backlinks using the broken link building method. WHY SHOULD YOU CONSIDER BROKEN LINK BUILDING?As mentioned above, broken link building is one of the SEO strategies businesses could use. The practice has become somewhat popular, driven by the many benefits it offers.Firstly, broken link building works because the Internet is full of non-operational links. HowStuffWorks explained in its article on the subject, how the links on its site can become broken as quickly as in a few months. The reason behind the causes of broken links varies, but the disruption and annoyance of encountering a broken link remain the same.Essentially, the practice of broken link building isn’t just about boosting your business. It is about making the Internet a better place for its users.Underlying this altruistic benefit are tangible advantages to your business. Broken link building is a quick way to increase your link numbers and thus enhance your SEO. You don’t often need to create new content or contacts with website owners, as you are targeting non-operational but existing links that fit your existing content. There’s no negotiating of content swaps.Even if you need to create original content to fit around a broken link, you’ll be creating it based on a real need. You’re not shooting in the dark, trying to figure out what third-party sites would like. You are taking existing links and fitting content around them.Sites can be much more open to your suggestion of replacement, as you aren’t simply trying to sell your own business. You are essentially helping them out first. Broken link building works on the principle of reciprocity. The helpful act of pointing out broken links can lead to a new relationship and improve your link building further. Therefore, it benefits both of you to replace broken links.The process can be a quick way of gaining links. All it can take is a simple e-mail or social media message to t he site’s owner. If they find your link useful, then you could have gained a new link in a manner of minutes.However, you shouldn’t be overly optimistic about time-saving. Contacting site owners can take its time and not everyone is simply going to replace the broken link with what you are offering. But the below steps should help increase the effectiveness of your strategy and limit the negative results.Finally, in a world of competitive SEO-strategies, broken link building can be exceptionally good for your business. The strategy is still relatively new in terms of link building methods and businesses aren’t yet using it as a main tactic. This could yield better results for your organization.SIX STEPS TO CREATE A SUCCESSFUL BROKEN LINK BUILDING STRATEGYStep One: Selecting the right toolsA proper broken link building tactic will require the use of tools. You need them mainly to cut down the time it takes to locate broken links and to contact the website owners.Here’s a sele ction of tools that’ll help you get started with finding broken links:Check My Links Google Chrome extension â€" The extension for Chrome browser is a quick way to check for broken links. When you install the extension, it’ll show as a checkmark icon next to the address bar. By clicking it, it’ll scan through the links on the page. Broken links are highlighted in red showcasing the specific error behind the link.Domain Hunter plus â€" Domain Hunter plus is similar to the above extension. But the additional benefit is how it shows if the link domain is available and the number of links leading to it. This could be good, if you are looking to obtain new domains.Xenu’s Link Sleuth â€" The above tools are good for small and medium broken link building operations. If you want to scale your efforts, get this tool. It allows you to check the links on hundreds of pages at once.You should also get a tool that makes e-mailing the site owners easier. In fact, if you are using Gmail, yo u can enjoy their built-in feature for this purpose. The feature is called Canned Responses and you can find it under the “Settings” tab. This tool allows you to create a template for contacting site owners, cutting down the time you need to spend writing messages.The above tools are straightforward and free to use. Play with them to get a better feel at how they work before you start actively looking for broken links. YouTube has good tutorials for using the above tools. For instance, check out this video on Check My Links: Step Two: Finding broken linksOnce you have the right tools, you can start looking for broken links.There are three main ways to find broken links:Selecting a particular domain. You’ll probably know specific domains, which you’d love to get a link from. For example, you might be a finance business hoping to get a link on Mint.com.You can either visit this website and check it with Check My Links or Domain Hunter or use Xenu to scout the site. Double chec k the link to make sure it’s non operational and check the link target quality (next step).Choosing sites within your business niche. You could also find broken links from unknown sites by searching for sites within your business niche. You can combine relevant keywords in your niche and look for sites with links on offer.The search strings you could be using include:keyword + “resources”keyword + intitle:blogrollsite:.gov keyword + “links”keyword + “related links”Again, once you’ve found suitable sites with broken links you can establish link target quality and contact the link owners.Searching sites by keywords. Finally, you can look for broken links with your targeted keyword. Perhaps you have created content which you want to use for link building. Define the specific keywords for that content and use search engines to find quality sites around the keywords.Use a tool like Ahrefs to find inbound links to the top sites that came up with your search. This allows yo u to find websites that have linked to these quality articles within your niche. Check these sites for broken link and suggest your own link as a replacement.With all of the above methods, it’s auspicious to create a spreadsheet for your targeted broken links. Simple include the URL of the site with broken links and the URL and keyword of the broken link. This allows you to create a list of broken links, which you can use once you start contacting the owners (step five).Step Three: Determining link target qualityWhile the Internet is certainly full of broken links, not all of these links are worth the time and effort. As with all SEO, broken link building is only beneficial if you target high quality links.What makes a site worth targeting?Noticeable page rankingSolid social media presence, including high levels of sharing and followersQuality website, with good web design and relatable, high-quality contentOn the other hand, the sites you don’t want to target, even if they have broken links that suit your purpose, consist:Plenty of links, with the sites purpose clearly simply being a link spamming domainActual spam links, such as inappropriate contentOver 10 broken links in the site, as it shows the site’s owner is clearly not interested in maintaining a healthy siteIn most instances, a quick glance on the site can show whether you are dealing with a real, quality website or just a ‘spammy’ domain.Above all, you need to make a decision as a business whether you want your link to appear on the site or not. Therefore, don’t simply look at the page with the broken link, but get an overall feel of the website.For example, the site might feature a suitable broken link and be a relatively good quality website, but include certain inappropriate elements you don’t want to associate with your business. For example, an alternative medicine site or a politically oriented website might not fit your brand image.Remove the low link targets from your spreadshe et. You could even give them your own ranking and start contacting the higher value sites first.Step Four: Choosing replacement contentAs quickly mentioned above, there are ways you can target broken links: either by replacing bad links with existing content or by creating new content around broken links.The first tactic of picking from your existing content is naturally easier. You don’t need to waste time creating content, but can simply find broken links that are directly related to your content. Ensure the content you are using as the replacement fits the link naturally. The better the match, the higher your chances are of receiving a link back.On the other hand, if you find broken links on quality websites, which could suit your business, you shouldn’t shy away from creating new content around it. If you have a business blog, you can write a short post that would be a good fit for the link or add more information to your site. For quality sites, this can be definitely worth the effort.Step Five: Contacting the website ownerWhen you’ve found the broken links, checked the quality of the website and chosen the content you want to replace the link with, it’s time to start contacting the site owners.You can great a template, with the Google tool mentioned earlier, or simply write a Word-document that you can copy/paste.When writing the e-mail, keep in mind the characteristics of a good e-mail:Personalized message â€" Even though you are using a template, you should always tweak the individual e-mail to ensure you use personalized language. You don’t want the e-mail to feel like a template message. Always remember to include something about the specific site or business you are targeting to give the e-mail a personalized and thoughtful feel.Short message â€" Don’t blabber on, but go straight to point and keep it short. People don’t like reading e-mails that take an hour to go through.Professional language â€" Be professional, but friendly. Use lan guage that is concise, clear and on the point. You want the e-mail to highlight the quality and value of your business.Polite language â€" Don’t sound threatening or rude in your e-mail. You don’t want to force or bully the site’s owner to use your link. Indeed, make them feel like you are trying to help them instead of aiming for personal profit.Overall, make sure you point out the exact link that’s broken and suggest a replacement. Mention the URLs in the e-mail, as you want the owner to be able to view the content you’d like to replace the non-operational link with.Furthermore, focus on the benefits to the site owner, not how it helps your business. For example, talk about the annoyance of broken links and the benefits of your content for the site’s readers. It can also be beneficial to point out all of the broken links on the page, instead of simply mentioning the link you are after. You could even include other link replacements on their place.Create an overall temp late with the above points in mind. But remember to always customize the message before sending it out!Once you got the template ready, you need to find the right contact information for each site you are targeting. Most quality sites would have contact information readily available. You can also engage the owner on social media, if there’s no contact template or e-mail address on the site.In fact, websites like LinkedIn can be a better way to get in touch. This is because e-mails are quickly filled with messages, but LinkedIn messages stand out.Step Six: Analyzing your resultsThe work isn’t over once you’ve hit the send button. Just like any other SEO strategy, broken link building’s effectiveness should be measured and analysed. This can help you better understand whether it is worth the time and effort for your business.Tracking your broken link building tactic and its success rate will ensure:You don’t waste time contacting the same sites (repeated e-mails to the same site are unlikely going to improve the end result and you might end up hurting your reputation, as you’ll be seen as a spammer).You are able to calculate the return on investment (ROI).Improve the success rate by fine-tuning your contact template and broken link building methods.Use a simple spreadsheet for monitoring your broken link building success. Create a template with the following information:The website with the broken linkThe broken URLThe URL replacement you are suggestingDate of contactPossible follow up contact (It’s OK to send a follow-up to the same person, as they might have simply missed the first message. Just don’t start spamming them.)Method of contact (e-mail, LinkedIn, etc.)If you are testing out different template models, include the template you used in this particular case.Date of replyInteraction with the clientDid they say ‘no’ or ‘yes’?Did link change?Monitor whether the link changed by checking the site manually or through a link database. Notice that owners might sometimes change the links as requested even if they don’t reply to your e-mail. On the other hand, you might get ‘a yes’, but the link doesn’t ever change. If this happens, you can contact the owner after a while and remind them about the link.Track the time you spend with broken link building (finding the links, contacting the owners) in order to calculate ROI. You can calculate this with the following formula:ROI = (number of links) / (time spent * hourly rate)This provides you the result in links per dollar spent. If you want cost per link, you simply need to invert the formula. The aim is that the better you become at broken link building, the better your ROI will get.CONCLUSIONBroken link building is a powerful SEO strategy. It’s easily scalable and can suit businesses operating in a number of niche industries. Nonetheless, it does take quite a bit of time to master and you definitely need to practice it in order to enjoy its benefits to the full.The above steps can help you use the right broken link building tools and tactics, which have been proven to work. You just need to clearly focus on what type of links you are after and test a few contact strategies to find that works for your business.

Proven Step-by-Step Guide on Broken Link Building

Proven Step-by-Step Guide on Broken Link Building Search engine optimization (SEO) is among the most useful strategies businesses need to implement in order to enhance their online presence and attract more customers.Link building is among the best SEO tactics companies can use and broken link building is one method of creating backlinks to your site. © Shutterstock.com | MorrowindIn this guide, we’ll explain what broken link building is all about and how it could be an effective strategy for your business. We’ll also provide you a simple six-step guide to creating a successful broken link building strategy.BROKEN LINK BUILDING IN A NUTSHELLYou can understand broken link building by analyzing the words one-by-one.Broken means “not functioning properly”Link means “anything serving to connect one part or thing with another”Building means “to construct by assembling and joining parts”Therefore, broken link building is a method of taking non-functioning links and building them back up again. It’s a technique closely associated with search engine optimization (SEO), as it can help businesses replace broken links with their own.By using the broken link building strategy, you acquire a link to your website simply by pointing out broken links on someone else’s website. Instead of having to create links from scratch, y ou can go after existing, yet non-operational links.The strategy works in its simplest form like this:You discover a broken link on a website.You contact the site’s owner and point out the non-operational link, as well as ask her to replace it with a link to your website.Let’s say your business works in the flower industry. You might discover that an article about mother’s day flowers on a popular blog includes broken links. Perhaps the links lead to a 404 page. But the link, with its keywords, is a perfect fit for your business.You can contact the owner of the blog and inform them about the broken link. Naturally, the blog won’t benefit having articles with broken links and readers will quickly find them annoying and uninformative.While you inform the owner about the broken link, you can also ask him or her to replace the link with a link to your website. Since your link is a perfect fit, the owner doesn’t need to change the article around, but can simply replace the non- operational link with a working one.This is how you can get backlinks using the broken link building method. WHY SHOULD YOU CONSIDER BROKEN LINK BUILDING?As mentioned above, broken link building is one of the SEO strategies businesses could use. The practice has become somewhat popular, driven by the many benefits it offers.Firstly, broken link building works because the Internet is full of non-operational links. HowStuffWorks explained in its article on the subject, how the links on its site can become broken as quickly as in a few months. The reason behind the causes of broken links varies, but the disruption and annoyance of encountering a broken link remain the same.Essentially, the practice of broken link building isn’t just about boosting your business. It is about making the Internet a better place for its users.Underlying this altruistic benefit are tangible advantages to your business. Broken link building is a quick way to increase your link numbers and thus enhance your SEO. You don’t often need to create new content or contacts with website owners, as you are targeting non-operational but existing links that fit your existing content. There’s no negotiating of content swaps.Even if you need to create original content to fit around a broken link, you’ll be creating it based on a real need. You’re not shooting in the dark, trying to figure out what third-party sites would like. You are taking existing links and fitting content around them.Sites can be much more open to your suggestion of replacement, as you aren’t simply trying to sell your own business. You are essentially helping them out first. Broken link building works on the principle of reciprocity. The helpful act of pointing out broken links can lead to a new relationship and improve your link building further. Therefore, it benefits both of you to replace broken links.The process can be a quick way of gaining links. All it can take is a simple e-mail or social media message to t he site’s owner. If they find your link useful, then you could have gained a new link in a manner of minutes.However, you shouldn’t be overly optimistic about time-saving. Contacting site owners can take its time and not everyone is simply going to replace the broken link with what you are offering. But the below steps should help increase the effectiveness of your strategy and limit the negative results.Finally, in a world of competitive SEO-strategies, broken link building can be exceptionally good for your business. The strategy is still relatively new in terms of link building methods and businesses aren’t yet using it as a main tactic. This could yield better results for your organization.SIX STEPS TO CREATE A SUCCESSFUL BROKEN LINK BUILDING STRATEGYStep One: Selecting the right toolsA proper broken link building tactic will require the use of tools. You need them mainly to cut down the time it takes to locate broken links and to contact the website owners.Here’s a sele ction of tools that’ll help you get started with finding broken links:Check My Links Google Chrome extension â€" The extension for Chrome browser is a quick way to check for broken links. When you install the extension, it’ll show as a checkmark icon next to the address bar. By clicking it, it’ll scan through the links on the page. Broken links are highlighted in red showcasing the specific error behind the link.Domain Hunter plus â€" Domain Hunter plus is similar to the above extension. But the additional benefit is how it shows if the link domain is available and the number of links leading to it. This could be good, if you are looking to obtain new domains.Xenu’s Link Sleuth â€" The above tools are good for small and medium broken link building operations. If you want to scale your efforts, get this tool. It allows you to check the links on hundreds of pages at once.You should also get a tool that makes e-mailing the site owners easier. In fact, if you are using Gmail, yo u can enjoy their built-in feature for this purpose. The feature is called Canned Responses and you can find it under the “Settings” tab. This tool allows you to create a template for contacting site owners, cutting down the time you need to spend writing messages.The above tools are straightforward and free to use. Play with them to get a better feel at how they work before you start actively looking for broken links. YouTube has good tutorials for using the above tools. For instance, check out this video on Check My Links: Step Two: Finding broken linksOnce you have the right tools, you can start looking for broken links.There are three main ways to find broken links:Selecting a particular domain. You’ll probably know specific domains, which you’d love to get a link from. For example, you might be a finance business hoping to get a link on Mint.com.You can either visit this website and check it with Check My Links or Domain Hunter or use Xenu to scout the site. Double chec k the link to make sure it’s non operational and check the link target quality (next step).Choosing sites within your business niche. You could also find broken links from unknown sites by searching for sites within your business niche. You can combine relevant keywords in your niche and look for sites with links on offer.The search strings you could be using include:keyword + “resources”keyword + intitle:blogrollsite:.gov keyword + “links”keyword + “related links”Again, once you’ve found suitable sites with broken links you can establish link target quality and contact the link owners.Searching sites by keywords. Finally, you can look for broken links with your targeted keyword. Perhaps you have created content which you want to use for link building. Define the specific keywords for that content and use search engines to find quality sites around the keywords.Use a tool like Ahrefs to find inbound links to the top sites that came up with your search. This allows yo u to find websites that have linked to these quality articles within your niche. Check these sites for broken link and suggest your own link as a replacement.With all of the above methods, it’s auspicious to create a spreadsheet for your targeted broken links. Simple include the URL of the site with broken links and the URL and keyword of the broken link. This allows you to create a list of broken links, which you can use once you start contacting the owners (step five).Step Three: Determining link target qualityWhile the Internet is certainly full of broken links, not all of these links are worth the time and effort. As with all SEO, broken link building is only beneficial if you target high quality links.What makes a site worth targeting?Noticeable page rankingSolid social media presence, including high levels of sharing and followersQuality website, with good web design and relatable, high-quality contentOn the other hand, the sites you don’t want to target, even if they have broken links that suit your purpose, consist:Plenty of links, with the sites purpose clearly simply being a link spamming domainActual spam links, such as inappropriate contentOver 10 broken links in the site, as it shows the site’s owner is clearly not interested in maintaining a healthy siteIn most instances, a quick glance on the site can show whether you are dealing with a real, quality website or just a ‘spammy’ domain.Above all, you need to make a decision as a business whether you want your link to appear on the site or not. Therefore, don’t simply look at the page with the broken link, but get an overall feel of the website.For example, the site might feature a suitable broken link and be a relatively good quality website, but include certain inappropriate elements you don’t want to associate with your business. For example, an alternative medicine site or a politically oriented website might not fit your brand image.Remove the low link targets from your spreadshe et. You could even give them your own ranking and start contacting the higher value sites first.Step Four: Choosing replacement contentAs quickly mentioned above, there are ways you can target broken links: either by replacing bad links with existing content or by creating new content around broken links.The first tactic of picking from your existing content is naturally easier. You don’t need to waste time creating content, but can simply find broken links that are directly related to your content. Ensure the content you are using as the replacement fits the link naturally. The better the match, the higher your chances are of receiving a link back.On the other hand, if you find broken links on quality websites, which could suit your business, you shouldn’t shy away from creating new content around it. If you have a business blog, you can write a short post that would be a good fit for the link or add more information to your site. For quality sites, this can be definitely worth the effort.Step Five: Contacting the website ownerWhen you’ve found the broken links, checked the quality of the website and chosen the content you want to replace the link with, it’s time to start contacting the site owners.You can great a template, with the Google tool mentioned earlier, or simply write a Word-document that you can copy/paste.When writing the e-mail, keep in mind the characteristics of a good e-mail:Personalized message â€" Even though you are using a template, you should always tweak the individual e-mail to ensure you use personalized language. You don’t want the e-mail to feel like a template message. Always remember to include something about the specific site or business you are targeting to give the e-mail a personalized and thoughtful feel.Short message â€" Don’t blabber on, but go straight to point and keep it short. People don’t like reading e-mails that take an hour to go through.Professional language â€" Be professional, but friendly. Use lan guage that is concise, clear and on the point. You want the e-mail to highlight the quality and value of your business.Polite language â€" Don’t sound threatening or rude in your e-mail. You don’t want to force or bully the site’s owner to use your link. Indeed, make them feel like you are trying to help them instead of aiming for personal profit.Overall, make sure you point out the exact link that’s broken and suggest a replacement. Mention the URLs in the e-mail, as you want the owner to be able to view the content you’d like to replace the non-operational link with.Furthermore, focus on the benefits to the site owner, not how it helps your business. For example, talk about the annoyance of broken links and the benefits of your content for the site’s readers. It can also be beneficial to point out all of the broken links on the page, instead of simply mentioning the link you are after. You could even include other link replacements on their place.Create an overall temp late with the above points in mind. But remember to always customize the message before sending it out!Once you got the template ready, you need to find the right contact information for each site you are targeting. Most quality sites would have contact information readily available. You can also engage the owner on social media, if there’s no contact template or e-mail address on the site.In fact, websites like LinkedIn can be a better way to get in touch. This is because e-mails are quickly filled with messages, but LinkedIn messages stand out.Step Six: Analyzing your resultsThe work isn’t over once you’ve hit the send button. Just like any other SEO strategy, broken link building’s effectiveness should be measured and analysed. This can help you better understand whether it is worth the time and effort for your business.Tracking your broken link building tactic and its success rate will ensure:You don’t waste time contacting the same sites (repeated e-mails to the same site are unlikely going to improve the end result and you might end up hurting your reputation, as you’ll be seen as a spammer).You are able to calculate the return on investment (ROI).Improve the success rate by fine-tuning your contact template and broken link building methods.Use a simple spreadsheet for monitoring your broken link building success. Create a template with the following information:The website with the broken linkThe broken URLThe URL replacement you are suggestingDate of contactPossible follow up contact (It’s OK to send a follow-up to the same person, as they might have simply missed the first message. Just don’t start spamming them.)Method of contact (e-mail, LinkedIn, etc.)If you are testing out different template models, include the template you used in this particular case.Date of replyInteraction with the clientDid they say ‘no’ or ‘yes’?Did link change?Monitor whether the link changed by checking the site manually or through a link database. Notice that owners might sometimes change the links as requested even if they don’t reply to your e-mail. On the other hand, you might get ‘a yes’, but the link doesn’t ever change. If this happens, you can contact the owner after a while and remind them about the link.Track the time you spend with broken link building (finding the links, contacting the owners) in order to calculate ROI. You can calculate this with the following formula:ROI = (number of links) / (time spent * hourly rate)This provides you the result in links per dollar spent. If you want cost per link, you simply need to invert the formula. The aim is that the better you become at broken link building, the better your ROI will get.CONCLUSIONBroken link building is a powerful SEO strategy. It’s easily scalable and can suit businesses operating in a number of niche industries. Nonetheless, it does take quite a bit of time to master and you definitely need to practice it in order to enjoy its benefits to the full.The above steps can help you use the right broken link building tools and tactics, which have been proven to work. You just need to clearly focus on what type of links you are after and test a few contact strategies to find that works for your business.

Media s Influence On The Media - 1977 Words

Being able to understand all sides of the story is very important when trying to pick a side. Today, news broadcasters are notorious for providing everyone with bias news. There are six main news sources which are called the Power House Networks; Fox news, ABC News, CBS, CNN, MSNBC, and NBC, but unfortunately each one pushes a different political view. A good example is a current event about the health care plan by which each powerhouse network pushes their political view. News viewers tend to be oblivious when it comes to bias in the media because they would rather hear what they believe is right. There are many ways to find truth in journalism that everyone needs to be aware of for example, going to more than one source and conducting a†¦show more content†¦Most if not all of media is biased. A one sided world would be an example of a utopia or a â€Å"perfect world† and in this case people are talking about a perfect society and media. Media is meant to entertain a nd feed to all different types of people. For example, in politics there are people that are in the left and right wing. Scholastic.com states that, the â€Å"Left winged people are liberal, moderates are in the middle, and conservatives are on the right.† When it comes to the media of course people are going to want to tune into what appeals more to themselves. So if someone were to be a liberal, the person would want to watch a network that would be more appealing to their preferences and beliefs, to get their views validated. Usually, media is controlled by one sided thoughts and people. When listening to the media people are more than likely hearing only one side of the full story. The media is filtered through prisms that are one sided because they want it to only come out one way, the network s way. Bernie Goldberg states, â€Å"you have a whole bunch of people who think alike. It’s groupthink.† Bernie also says â€Å" And that’s the problem with bias, not a conspiracy but too many like minded people making the decisions on what the audience and the readers gets to read and see.† The media can also scare you into believing them. For instance, they tend to say that everything around us is lethal and is going to harm us. We will forever be in the handsShow MoreRelatedMedia s Influence On The Media1637 Words   |  7 Pagesdisplayed in the mass media is conditioned by wealth and power, so as a result of the concentration of power and the official censorship done by the govern ment and corporate sources; the media follows the ideas of the elite. In order to deliver messages that support the elite’s beliefs, the media goes through five different filters that determine the information presented, this are ownership of media, funding, sourcing, flak, and fear. First, when referring to the ownership of media, it is importantRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Media Essay1606 Words   |  7 PagesLusby English composition 12/1/2016 The Media s Influence    Can the media really persuade you into thinking a way about a person you have not even meet? The media can make influence you into thinking a certain way about some and also influence a choice that you could have to make about them that could change their life forever. To prove this I have researched into articles that could help me prove that the media can influence these things. First the media in the form of television can give you aRead MoreMedia s Influence On Media2111 Words   |  9 Pagestoday is communicated through media. Media is the most powerful and influential force in the country. The media are powerful agents of socialization and they set the standard that majority follow. The power giving to American media has allowed them to be very effective using propaganda as strategy, the media tend to say they serve to relieve social conflicts into minimum. We clearly see that the media promote social conflicts by separating class. The image that media has created in the mind of massesRead MoreMedia s Influence On The Media892 Words   |  4 Pages In today’s culture, it’s hard not to come across some form of media, whether that is an advertisement on a roadway, a commercial on the television, or even an ad on the portable games you play on your phone. The average 8-18-year-old experiences about 7.5 hours of some form of media a day. [1] Out of the 24 hours in a day over a quarter of it is spent looking at or listening to advertisements for products, the news, video games, television, movies, music, books, and the internet. A common way toRead MoreMedia s Influence On The Media1986 Words   |  8 PagesWe are a world that revolves around our media outlets. This is because we depend on them to give to us the information that we need to be able to live our daily lives. Whether it is the news on politics or just events that are happening around your area. The real question though is has news changed? And the follow up question to that would be; how do historians think news has changed? The news media has changed thr oughout history because of the rise of technology. It is now possible to reach peopleRead MoreMedia s Influence On Media1928 Words   |  8 Pages V. New Media In the course of the most recent couple of decades, the media scene has changed drastically. The most essential change is from an old media model of television to another media model of narrowcasting. TV alludes to media speaking to the overall population and is exemplified by system TV, radio, and daily papers. Narrowcasting, made conceivable by television networks, Internet, and satellite radio, is focused to particular gatherings of people. The new media have various essentialRead MoreMedia s Influence On Media1543 Words   |  7 PagesSocial media publicizes a substantial amount of messages about identity and acceptable ways to express gender, sexuality and ones lifestyle, but at the same time, the viewers have their own differing feelings about the issues. The media may suggest certain feelings and actions, but the audiences feelings can never overpower self-expression completely. The media portrays certain things because it is what is being accepted. Neither parties, these being the media and its audience, have full power overRead MoreMedia s Influence On Media1703 Words   |  7 Pagescentury, mass media became widely recognized. In a period of mass availability, people today have entry to more media outlets than ever before. According to media scholar Jean Kilbourne,â€Å"the average American is exposed to over 3,000 advertisements a day and watches three years’ worth of television ads over the course of a lifetime† (back cover). It is all around us, from the shows we watch on television, the music we listen to on the radio, and to the books and magazines we read each day. Media is the numberRead MoreMedia s Influence On The Media Essay1172 Words   |  5 PagesMass media has a very influential part in today’s society. Consisting of radio broadcasting, books, the Internet, and television they allow information and entertainment to travel at a fast pace as well to a vast audience. This vast majority of information can easily manipulate and or persuade people to have certain stereotypes on specific genders. TV commercials are one of the most influential structures in the media. Looking back 20 to 30 years, stereotypes were clearly welcomed on TV and inRead MoreMedia s Influence On Media1014 Words   |  5 PagesThe way that diasporic audiences use media products to give them a connection to their country of origin has been a topic of research for many scholars. The in creasing ability to stream content online allows people to keep the same routine in watching content and to watch content which they can relate to and see themselves reflected in, often unlike the content on in their new home country. Online news allows people to keep up with current events and look out for events that may affect the ones they

Gender Roles Stereotypes And Stereotypes - 1873 Words

I will investigate gender roles alongside misogyny and sexism examining how ideologies have changed overtime focusing on negative and positive representations of women compared to men through crime dramas. Since the feminist movement in the 70’s various crime dramas have increasing numbers of smart, strong leading female protagonists which is now seen as acceptable, advancing contemporary portrayals of women in television by not conforming to stereotypes eradicating them, helping to battle outdated views showing how views have changed overtime. Men are no longer seen as the hyper masculine alpha detectives and women are no longer just the sidekicks or companions alongside men. We now see interaction among both genders showing teamwork and working together as a unit to keep each other afloat as opposed to dominating authority, suggesting that their masculine or feminine outlook is best. Early crime dramas stereotyped and subverted women as vulnerable and helpless individuals most commonly in secondary roles for example the BBC crime drama Ashes to Ashes involving Alex the female detective inspector and Gene the male detective chief inspector although this crime drama was produced in 2008 it was set in the 1980’s showing how the gender stereotypes have been conformed to despite it being made in present times allowing the audience to create a sense of realism for that era. However now women in modern day crime dramas are no longer just an asset but conveyed as robust andShow MoreRelatedGender Roles And Stereotypes1719 Words   |  7 PagesWhether it is consciously or unconsciously, we humans tend to characterize people by their gender. â€Å"Often, gender expectations or stereotypes shape our thoughts and interactions with others in subtle yet perceptible ways† (Block 1). When children enter the school environment, they will likely experience a number of issues relating to gender. They will continue to encounter gender issues throughout their lifetime, so it is important that we teach them to address these issues appropriately. TeachersRead MoreGender Roles And Gender Stereotypes Essay1449 Words   |  6 PagesProspectus: Gender roles and gender stereotypes in advertising My position: I believe advertisements that reinforce female gender roles and stereotypes are damaging to society. 2. Non-favorable Incidents: The examination of the â€Å"Victoria’s Secret† ad for a line of undergarments labeled â€Å"The Showstopper.† The headline is â€Å"Show nothing but your shape,† and the image is a thin woman with big breasts staring seductively. The image clearly sets a tone that this is what is a stand of ideal beauty. AndRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles1241 Words   |  5 PagesWe will never be able to control how gender stereotypes are formed. Gender roles were naturally created as a result of human evolution and the different modes of living that were adopted by humans. Humans, however remain the driving force behind reinforcing gender roles and stereotypes with different mediums. Such as television, art, and writing. In order to understand how gender is portrayed in contemporary American comedy this paper will analyze the characters from the television show, It’s AlwaysRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles Essay1415 Words   |  6 PagesR oles are often assigned to boys and girls in accordance with the sex assigned at birth. We refer to these as gender roles. Gender roles begin to be imposed as early as birth. The nursery in the hospital assigns either a blue name plate for a boy or a pink name plate for a girl. These roles are continuously reinforced by family. Children learn at an early age that boys and girls are different. Children observe gender roles and in many cases these roles are eventually accepted as an unquestionableRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles1956 Words   |  8 Pagesfulfil and adopt, specific stereotypes and gender roles. In the western world, women are traditionally characterised and expected to be maternal housewife’s, who are obedient and attractive; whereas males are seen to be the breadwinners, who are muscular independent and strong. These characteristics have become ‘normal’ in society, and enforce the gender stereotype roles. However, when these gende r ‘norms’ are disturbed, this leads to the creation of new labels and stereotypes, people to be ridiculedRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles954 Words   |  4 Pages Gender can be a hot topic within cultures; a male or female does not want to be told that they can or cannot do something based on their gender. Every culture views gender roles differently, and some cultures are more serious about gender than others. Many times, male and female actions are determined by what a person has been taught is right; furthermore, gender roles are a set of societal norms that are the behaviors that a sex is generally known to do and what is considered accepted of a personRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles1261 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen expected to act a certain way depending on their sex. These societal expectations are called gender roles. (Rathus, 2010, p.447). These roles begin to develop even before a child is even out of the womb. A mother may decorate thei r nursery pink if they are having a daughter because â€Å"girls like pink,† and â€Å"boys like blue.† Gender roles should not be confused with gender stereotypes. A gender stereotype is a narrow way of thinking about how men and woman are obligated to behave. For example, men haveRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles Essay2036 Words   |  9 Pagesalong the development of gender stereotypes and gender roles that have an impact on how children come to understand their own gender identity. Environmental factors such as peers, the media, and even parents perpetuate stereotypes through their own actions. Children come to understand gender during development through experiences that are shaped by their environment and perpetuated by their culture, which ultimately encourages gender stereotypes and conformity to gender roles. Children are born intoRead MoreGender Roles And Gender Stereotypes1856 Words   |  8 PagesRunning head: Gender roles and gender stereotypes 1 Gender roles and gender stereotypes 8 Gender Roles and Gender Stereotypes Bitavina Shanmugalingam Ryerson University The word â€Å"gender† refers to the roles in which society allots for those using â€Å"sex†, individuals’ physical characteristics, as a defining principle for separating roles (Gender, n.d.). The roles in which genders are assigned can come with discrimination, due to the individuals’ sex, as well as stereotypes, such as theRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles1076 Words   |  5 PagesGender stereotypes and gender roles are a largely contested issue in the modern world. Countries around the world have very different gender norms, though there are some recurrent patterns between many cultures. For most recurrent patterns there is a culture who does not abide by those gender norms. There is typically many good reasons for each recurrent pattern that makes sense from an evolutionary standpoint. There is also a significant difference in the way men and women are treated. This is caused

Five Concepts Important for Successful Communication in an...

Five Concepts Important for Successful Communication in an Organization Jaime Leigh Plym COM 425: Communication in Organizations Jerry Simpson 08 October 2012 Five Concepts Important for Successful Communication in an Organization Successful communication is one of the most important aspects of an organization. Without it, nothing can be accomplished. There are many concepts of communication that must happen within the workplace. In this paper, I will discuss the five concepts that I feel are the most important for successful communication within an organizational setting. I will discuss how to practice active listening, the importance of organizational culture, how to resolve conflict, the key principles of human communication,†¦show more content†¦Most members all feel a bond with each other because of this culture. Organizational culture creates jargon and a common language, a value system, and visions and goals for the organization (Krebs, 2011). Conflict in an organization is inevitable, but that is not necessarily a negative thing. Knowing how to resolve and manage conflict is essential in successful communication within an organization. Conflict that is handled effectively can actually lead to better group decision making and better group cohesiveness. Tim Scudder, coauthor of the book Have a Nice Conflict, says that managing and resolving conflict is in knowing that it could happen. You need to be able to identify conflict so that when it inevitably does happen, you know (youtube.com). From that point, a resolution can be made. People have different opinions, experiences, and perspectives. This is what causes conflict in the workplace. This conflict can be good and healthy in a number of ways. For example, if the conflict is handled correctly, the conflict could share information that can provide different views and perspectives to the group. Arguing can help the group members find and identify different courses of action and solutions. Believe it or not, conflict can actually improve the organization’s camaraderie and pride. Conflict can be turned into a positive thing by encouraging open minds, promoting fairShow MoreRelatedEffective Business Communication : Th e Success Of An Organization1155 Words   |  5 PagesEffective business Communication is crucial to the success of an organization. The ability to communicate successfully with your audience shows your knowledge of the matter and your level of professionalism to handle the issue. Successful communication, ethical communication, collaboration, listening, nonverbal skills, business messages, direct and indirect approaches, business etiquette and establishing creditability, to name a few, are concepts that influence business communication and the abilityRead MoreCommunication Is A Process Of An Organization Afloat955 Words   |  4 Pageskeep an organization afloat, a system must be put into place to secure the effectiveness of communications. Communication is not something that is a given, according to Kreps, â€Å"communication is a process† and â€Å"communication does not start and stop; it is continuous, dynamic, ongoing, and cumulative. Whenever we create and respond to messages—either internally or externally generated messages—and create meanings in response to these messages, we are engaging in the process of communication. Since weRead MoreOrganizational Change Is Inevitable?1736 Words   |  7 Pageswhere the change is needed. In order to ensure viability, productivity and ultimate success of an organization, it is essential that the type of change be identified and proper steps and procedures developed to manage change appropriately. In every organization, cycles of change must happen for continued growth and successful progression toward in the overall mission. Leaders in an organization may be faced with minor changes such as updating of a policy or form, or addition of just one personRead MoreThe Five Dysfunctions of a Team Review1275 Words   |  6 PagesWorking in Teams Reflection After reading The Five Dysfunctions of a Team by Pat Lencioni, discussing the function of effective teams in class, and completing various team building exercises, I have developed a much better understanding of the importance of a proper team in a business setting and how good team work can produce more efficient and productive results. Having played a variety of team sports throughout my life, I saw a lot of parallels throughout the class work on team building betweenRead MoreOrganizational Structure And Management Process Essay1630 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most important aspects of any organization is its structure and its management process. The success of any firm is directly related to how well it is organized and how effective it s managed. Organizational structure and management processes are interrelated and they provide a gauge as to how effective an overall business strategy is implemented. The measure of success in any business is how effectively it can compete in finding new opportunities and having the internal structure necessaryRead MoreManagement for Organization1603 Words   |  7 PagesMGT330: Management for Organizations Kyle Kontour May 18, 2015 Final Paper The five management functions are used in all organizations, which are planning, organizing, staffing, leading and control. Each one of these functions is applied to make sure that the organization is successful with hitting the goals, within the organization. This helps with employeesRead More5 Management Principles and Concepts1239 Words   |  5 Pages5 Management Principles/Concepts Management is the concept of getting work done through others. This concept began evolving in the 1880’s from being ideas and practices into a field of study. In Chuck Williams’ recent edition of â€Å"Management†, he establishes that there were several instrumental influences on the paradigm shift in the field of management. Those parties include but are not limited to, Fredrick Taylor, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Henry Gantt, and Henri Fayol. These parties developedRead MoreInnovation Process1310 Words   |  6 PagesInnovation Process In order for organizations to become successful or maintain an ongoing success, they need to accommodate any necessary changes needed while remaining on a competitive edge. With this known, companies such as Coca-Cola have easily shown their success by becoming the largest manufacturer, marketer, and distributor of nonalcoholic beverages by which the company has products sold in 200 counties world wide. In this paper Team B will identify and explain the four phases of theRead MoreMarketing Concept and the possible limitations to this concept.1458 Words   |  6 Pageswant through creating and exchanging products and values with others.(Kotler.P 2002 : 5) The goals of marketing is to attract new customers by promising superior value and keep and grow current customers by delivering satisfaction. There are five core concepts of marketing, which includes needs, wants and demand; products, services and experience; value, satisfaction and quality; exchanges, transactions and relationsh ips; and finally, market and marketing. After World War II, the variety of productsRead MoreEssay on Strategic Program Management Worksheet1683 Words   |  7 Pagescourse, to identify the key concepts involved that you will need to understand in order to solve whatever problems you might encounter in those situations. Complete the table below by identifying at least five concepts that you will study from the text on the rEsource page in order to resolve the situations presented; list and briefly describe them in column A. You have on the rEsource page a scenario that provides an examples of realistic situation in which these concepts apply. Examine this scenario

Equity Impact of Population Level Interventions †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Equity Impact of Population Level Interventions. Answer: Introduction: Smoking is common among many populations, and various governments across the globe have put up policies to advocate for its abolition or help them do away with this behavior. In New Zealand, in particular, the government has set out a national target, which is; help quit smoking targeting smokers in primary health care and pregnant women. However, recently, the target group has extended to include the whole population (Jha, Peto, 2014). There are various reasons for the government choosing the selected target. Firstly, smoking would pose a serious challenge to pregnant women before, during and after pregnancy. In addition to that, a child born from a smoking mother will likely have complications and this something that the government would like to avoid (Benowitz, Goniewicz, 2013). Moreover, over 5000 people die each year as a result of smoking, and this figure will increase in future. Thus, the government is keen to extend the target group to include the whole population to avoid more deaths in future. Patients with primary health care form another target group that the government has identified. The government rolling on the initiative of better help for smokers to quit would see patients avoiding smoking or quitting it all together after they are discharged (Grana, Ling, 2014). Additionally, for lung cancer patient, the government would help patients reduce the further progression of the disease. One of the current initiatives that relate to the above initiative is an increase of 10 percent of tax on a cigarette every year until 2020. The initiative, that is, increasing taxation on cigarettes would increase the cost of production of cigarettes, and in effect increasing its price. In addition to that, increasing taxation on a cigarette will scare away manufactures thus reducing or preventing more people from engaging in its production. It is an effort that will reduce the sale, distribution, and production of cigarettes (Grana, Benowitz, Glantz, 2014). On the other hand, prices of cigarettes will shoot making it less affordable or rather expensive among smokers. It is another initiative that will discourage people from buying cigarettes for the habit seems to be expensive. The target group for this initiative will be for the whole population in New Zealand. As highlighted above, there are many ways that this will help people quit smoking. About helping people quit smoking, th ere has been a reduction of pregnant women smoking according to recent research (Nides et al., 2014). In addition to that, a study carried out on the youth smoking show that the youth are starting to avoid smoking terming it an expensive habit. Moreover, there has been complaining from the cigarette manufacturing companies on the initiative of increasing taxation, something that suggests, are not happy and may not be encouraging for other similar players. Proposal details In Bay of Plenty region, there should be initiatives that can be put in place to discourage people from smoking, or rather would make them quit smoking, for pregnant mothers, patients and the whole population at large. Firstly, Bay of plenty governance should support a ban on advertising tobacco products on posters, stores and other advertising avenues. The program would see that cigarette and tobacco products are not seen by youngsters as something pleasant to engage in or rather as an item a person ought to brag about indulging into (World Health Organization, 2015). It is one way that will reduce the popularity of cigarette and in long run, make people stop smoking. Moreover, the region should hold campaigns and seminar to sensitize pregnant mothers to stop smoking before, during and after pregnancy. The seminars and campaigns focus on educating women on the side effects of smoking while pregnant, both for the new born baby and the mother. This initiative would make women to be co nscious of the manner in which they are going to interfere with the safety of children when smoking. In addition to that, it would make them aware of the side effects that come with smoking. A person is likely to be part of the program that he or she understands well that a program that he is not are of or lacks the necessary knowledge (World Health Organization, 2015). On the other hand, the region can spearhead program that are aimed at putting policies that limit the sale of tobacco. It is a program that would make it hard for the majority of people to access cigarettes and in effect, help people quit smoking. On the other hand, there should be the minimum age for people to start smoking. It is true that children like imitating and learning from what they see from adults (El-Zaatari et al., 2015). Putting a legislation that limits children from smoking at a tender age would limit the number of youngsters smoking and decide whether to smoke or not at a later age when they are matu re enough to make the right decision (Carter et al., 2015). Additionally, there ought to be integration of the school curriculum on why children need not to smoke after finishing school. It will offer them an opportunity to see why they ought not to smoke either as adults or when pregnant. Moreover, the region should increase services that are geared towards quit smoking and better access to services. It will help patients that need to quit smoking and also make pregnant women access services that aid those aces services they need to quit smoking (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2014). On the other hand, the region need to train professionals on making up follow up, either through mobile phones or face to face consultations to assist patients or pregnant mothers to have the services they need to quit smoking. In addition to that, the region, through their governance should put in place agencies that can be instrumental in implementing policies geared towards embracing qu it smoking policies (Brown, Platt, Amos, 2014). Through these agencies, it would be easier to identify the challenges that exist with the current policy and implement it or rectify the mistakes. Moreover, it would be easier to put into practice the policies that can aid to do away with smoking because now there would be an oversight authority. On the other hand, health care professional need to be motivated to carry on their duty with morale and with total devotion to helping people quit smoking is a commitment that lasts for a long time but not in a span of a short time. In this regard, it would be important that the management consider my suggestion in helping the people quit smoking. There are many ways that the management can do this at the moment. Firstly, they need to fund my proposal about giving me more time to have the comprehensive details on the shortcoming and how the region can overcome them. Moreover, the management can do a wonderful job in making this proposal a top priority by giving it go ahead to be completed to its fruition. Additionally, it would be important if the management finds it time to look at this proposal in depth and the implication that people of the region may face should the suggestions stated fail to materialize. I, therefore, find it important that the management corporate in the best way possible in having this project go through. References Benowitz, N. L., Goniewicz, M. L. (2013). The regulatory challenge of electronic cigarettes. Jama, 310(7), 685-686. Brown, T., Platt, S., Amos, A. (2014). Equity impact of population-level interventions and policies to reduce smoking in adults: a systematic review. Drug and alcohol dependence, 138, 7-16. Carter, B. D., Abnet, C. C., Feskanich, D., Freedman, N. D., Hartge, P., Lewis, C. E., ... Jacobs, E. J. (2015). Smoking and mortalitybeyond established causes. New England journal of medicine, 372(7), 631-640. El-Zaatari, Z. M., Chami, H. A., Zaatari, G. S. (2015). Health effects associated with waterpipe smoking. Tobacco control, 24(Suppl 1), i31-i43. Grana, R. A., Ling, P. M. (2014). Smoking revolution: a content analysis of electronic cigarette retail websites. American journal of preventive medicine, 46(4), 395-403. Grana, R., Benowitz, N., Glantz, S. A. (2014). E-cigarettes. Circulation, 129(19), 1972-1986. Jha, P., Peto, R. (2014). Global effects of smoking, of quitting, and of taxing tobacco. New England Journal of Medicine, 370(1), 60-68. Nides, M. A., Leischow, S. J., Bhatter, M., Simmons, M. (2014). Nicotine blood levels and short-term smoking reduction with an electronic nicotine delivery system. American journal of health behavior, 38(2), 265-274. Polosa, R., Rodu, B., Caponnetto, P., Maglia, M., Raciti, C. (2013). A fresh look at tobacco harm reduction: the case for the electronic cigarette. Harm reduction journal, 10(1), 19. US Department of Health and Human Services. (2014). The health consequences of smoking50 years of progress: a report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 17. World Health Organization. (2015). The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: 10 years of implementation in the African Region. World Health Organization. World Health Organization. (2015). WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco smoking 2015. World Health Organization.